![Calendar and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries and factors affecting them Calendar and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries and factors affecting them](https://meedco.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Screenshot-2024-09-10-at-12.46.18 AM.png)
Lithium-ion battery life is divided into two categories: cyclic life and calendar life. As the name suggests, cyclic life is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the battery. In most standards, this life is referred to as the number of charge and discharge cycles until the battery capacity is reduced to 80% of its initial value. Calendar life also refers to the life of the battery in a resting state and without use. In terms of cycle life, among the different types of lithium-ion batteries, LFP batteries have the highest cycle life (5000-2000), and after these batteries, NMC batteries are in second place with a cycle life of 2000-1000 cycles. However, currently some well-known companies such as Leclanché have introduced Leclanché Navius MRS-3 batteries based on graphite anode and NMC cathode to the market, whose cycle life is reported to be 7000 cycles up to a depth of discharge of 80%. The life of lithium-ion batteries is highly dependent on their storage conditions and factors such as storage temperature, duration, and charge level during storage. For each of these factors, there is an optimal range, and if the batteries are stored outside this range, the degradation process of lithium-ion batteries will accelerate and the battery life will be reduced. Many studies have examined the effects of temperature parameters and battery charge level on the amount of degradation and reduction in the life of lithium-ion batteries. The results of these studies show that there is no significant difference between NMC and LFP batteries in terms of the amount of degradation and reduction in capacity under different storage conditions. As mentioned earlier, the acceptable temperature range for lithium-ion batteries is -20°C to 60°C. When the temperature is outside this range, these batteries degrade rapidly. Most of the effects of temperature are related to chemical reactions that occur in the batteries as well as the materials used in the batteries, which lead to the decomposition of the structure of the components that make up the electrodes. In addition, temperature changes can lead to changes in the rate of electrochemical reactions, ionic conductivity of electrodes and electrolyte. Different effects occur at temperatures above and below the optimal temperature range. At low temperatures, the ionic conductivity of lithium salt-based electrolytes decreases, and in addition to capacity loss problems, issues related to the formation of lithium dendrites on the anode surface and related safety issues will be troublesome. At higher temperatures, due to electrolyte decomposition, SEI degradation and cathode dissolution, loss of lithium content in the electrolyte and also the battery active materials will occur, which will lead to battery damage and a severe capacity loss.